Microsatellite panel for evaluating the accuracy of sheep origin

The article presents the results of a study of the vegetation cover of the lambing site of the Ural population saigas in the areas of the two regions of the West Kazakhstan region, Kaztalov and Zhanibek.The species composition of the flora of the study area is represented by 75 species from 57 genera and 22 families

Polymorphism of beta-casein gene (CSN2) and analysis of biochemicalstate of bovine cattle of belarusian black-and-potted breeds

This article presents the results of genotyping by CSN2 gene of cattle of the Belarusian black-and-white breed. The relationship of the CSN2 gene with milkproductivity in the studied group of animals was revealed. The biochemical parameters of the blood of cattle of the Belarusian black-and-white breed of different genotypes of the beta-casein gene (CSN2) were analyzed. The expediency and effectiveness of molecular genetic testing of the studied animals for the studied gene to evaluate objectively the genetic situation and the accumulation of “desirable genotypes” in herds is shown.В данной статье приведены результаты генотипирования крупного рогатого скота белорусской черно-пестрой породы по генуCSN2. Выявлена взаимосвязь гена CSN2 с молочной продуктивностью в исследуемой группе животных. Проанализированы биохимические показатели крови крупного рогатого скота белорусской черно-пестрой породы различных по генотипам гена бета-казеина (CSN2). Показана целесообразность и эффективность проведения молекулярно-генетического тестирования исследуемых животных по изучаемому гену для объективной оценки их генетического потенциала и накопления в стадах «желательных генотипов»

СИНТЕЗ И СВОЙСТВА НИОБИЙ- И КОБАЛЬТЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ ТВЕРДЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ТИТАНАТА ВИСМУТА СО СТРУКТУРОЙ СЛОИСТОГО ПЕРОВСКИТА

The Bi4Ti3–2xNbxCoxO12 (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) solid solutions have been synthesized using ceramic method, their crystal structure, thermal expansion, electrical and dielectric properties have been studied. It has been established that Bi4Ti3–2xNbxCoxO12 titanates are p-type semiconductors whose electrical conductivity at low temperatures is higher, but at high temperatures is lower than for the base Bi4Ti3O12 bismuth titanate. It has been found that partial co-substitution of titanium by niobium and cobalt in Bi4Ti3O12 leads to the increase in the size of the unit cell of the Bi4Ti3–2xNbxCoxO12 solid solutions, a decrease in their Curie temperature, a decrease in the dielectric constant and dielectric losses, and slightly affects the magnitude of their linear thermal expansion coefficient. For Bi4Ti3.8Nb0.1Co0.1O12 and Bi4Ti3.7Nb0.15Co0.15O12 solid solutions, a sharp increase in the activation energy of electrical conductivity has been observed at the transition from the ferroelectric region to the paraelectric region.Керамическим методом синтезированы твердые растворы Bi4Ti3–2xNbxCoxO12 (x = 0,05, 0,10, 0,15), изучены их кристаллическая структура, тепловое расширение, электрические и диэлектрические свойства. Установлено, что титанаты Bi4Ti3–2xNbxCoxO12 являются полупроводниками p-типа, величина электропроводности которых при низких температурах выше, а при повышенных – ниже, чем для базового титаната висмута Bi4Ti3O12. Найдено, что частичное совместное замещение титана ниобием и кобальтом в Bi4Ti3O12 приводит к увеличению размера элементарной ячейки образующихся при этом твердых растворов, снижению их температуры Кюри, уменьшению диэлектрической проницаемости и диэлектрических потерь и слабо влияет на величину их температурного коэффициента линейного расширения. Для твердых растворов Bi4Ti3,8Nb0,1Co0,1O12 и Bi4Ti3,7Nb0,15Co0,15O12 обнаружено резкое возрастание энергии активации электропроводности при переходе из сегнетоэлектрической области в параэлектрическую

Comparative Economic Evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccination in Belarus and Uzbekistan

BACKGROUND: Hib vaccine has gradually been introduced into more and more countries during the past two decades, partly due to GAVI Alliance support to low-income countries. However, since Hib disease burden is difficult to establish in settings with limited diagnostic capacities and since the vaccine continues to be relatively expensive, some Governments remain doubtful about its value leading to concerns about financial sustainability. Similarly, several middle-income countries have not introduced the vaccine. The aim of this study is to estimate and compare the cost-effectiveness of Hib vaccination in a country relying on self-financing (Belarus) and a country eligible for GAVI Alliance support (Uzbekistan). METHODS AND FINDINGS: A decision analytic model was used to estimate morbidity and mortality from Hib meningitis, Hib pneumonia and other types of Hib disease with and without the vaccine. Treatment costs were attached to each disease event. Data on disease incidence, case fatality ratios and costs were primarily determined from national sources. For the Belarus 2009 birth cohort, Hib vaccine is estimated to prevent 467 invasive disease cases, 4 cases of meningitis sequelae, and 3 deaths, while in Uzbekistan 3,069 invasive cases, 34 sequelae cases and 341 deaths are prevented. Estimated costs per discounted DALY averted are US$9,323 in Belarus and US$ 267 in Uzbekistan. CONCLUSION: The primary reason why the cost-effectiveness values are more favourable in Uzbekistan than in Belarus is that relatively more deaths are averted in Uzbekistan due to higher baseline mortality burden. Two other explanations are that the vaccine price is lower in Uzbekistan and that Uzbekistan uses a three dose schedule compared to four doses in Belarus. However, when seen in the context of the relative ability to pay for public health, the vaccine can be considered cost-effective in both countries

Attitudes and Performance: An Analysis of Russian Workers

This paper investigates the relationship between locus of control and performance among Russian employees, using survey data collected at 28 workplaces in 2002 in Taganrog and at 47 workplaces in 2003 in Ekaterinburg. We develop a measure that allows us to categorize the Russian employees participating in our survey as exhibiting an internal or external locus of control. We then assess the extent to which there are significant differences between “internals” and “externals” in work-related attitudes that may affect performance. In particular, we focus on (1) attitudes about outcomes associated with hard work, (2) level of job satisfaction, (3) expectation of receiving a desired reward, and (4) loyalty to and involvement with one’s organization. In each case we identify where gender and generational differences emerge. Our main objective is to determine whether Russian employees who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better than employees with an external locus of control. Our performance measures include earnings, expected promotions, and assessments of the quantity and quality of work in comparison to others at the same organization doing a similar job. Controlling for a variety of worker characteristics, we find that (1) individuals who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better, but this result is not always statistically significant; (2) even among “internals,” women earn significantly less than men and have a much lower expectation of promotion; (3) even among “internals,” experience with unemployment has a negative influence on performance.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40144/3/wp758.pd

Wage Inequality

This chapter considers wage inequality in India at a point in time (2011–12) with particular reference to inequality in wages between male and female workers and between workers from different social groups — the Scheduled Tribes, the Scheduled Cates, the non-Muslim Other Backward Classes, Muslims, and the Forward Castes. The thrust of the analysis in this chapter is to decompose the difference in wages between men and women, and between the Forward Castes and the other social groups, into a part that can be “explained” by employer bias and that which is due to differences in employee attributes. The analysis of this chapter extends earlier analyses of wage inequality in India to include social groups; methodologically, it seeks an explanation for inter-group inequality in terms of employer bias and (differences in) employee attributes. The analysis in this chapter uses data from two independent sources to analyse the phenomenon of inter-group wage inequality: the 68th round of the National Sample Survey pertaining to the period July 2011–June 2012 and the Indian Human Development Survey pertaining to 2011

Абсорбционная функция тонкой кишки при хронических воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника

The absorption function of small intestine has been studied at chronic inflammatory intestine diseases anв assessed depending on the severity of the main process. In groups of patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as in healthy persons, diurnal fat loss with feces was determined by the van de Kamer method, and the D-xylose tolerance test was performed. The disorder of nutrient absorption in patients with chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases is directly proportional to the severity of the main disease.Исследована абсорбционная функция тонкой кишки при хронических воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника, проведена оценка ее в зависимости от тяжести основного процесса. В группах больных язвенным колитом, болезнью Крона, синдромом раздраженного кишечника и здоровых лиц определены суточные потери жира с калом методом Камера и проведена проба с нагрузкой D-ксилозой. Нарушение всасывания питательных веществ у больных с хроническими воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника находится в прямо пропорциональной зависимости от степени тяжести